AUTOR/ES: Lu Ma 1, Mohsen Mazidi 2, Ke Li 1, Yixuan Li 1, Shiqi Chen 1, Richard Kirwan 3, Haixia Zhou 1, Na Yan 1, Atif Rahman 4, Weidong Wang 5, Youfa Wang 6
FUENTE: National Library of Medicine
RECOMENDADO POR: Dr. Pedro Kestelman (Presidente AL·IAM·PSI y miembro AAPI, Argentina)
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among children and adolescents during global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 to 2020, and the potential modifying effects of age and gender.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and two Chinese academic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang) for studies published from December 2019 to September 2020 that reported the prevalence of above mental health problems among children and adolescents. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the pooled prevalence.
Results: Twenty-three studies (21 cross-sectional studies and 2 longitudinal studies) from two countries (i.e., China and Turkey) with 57,927 children and adolescents were identified. Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed in 12, 13, 2, and 2 studies, respectively. Meta-analysis of results from these studies showed that the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were 29% (95%CI: 17%, 40%), 26% (95%CI: 16%, 35%), 44% (95%CI: 21%, 68%), and 48% (95%CI: -0.25, 1.21), respectively. The subgroup meta-analysis revealed that adolescents and females exhibited higher prevalence of depression and anxiety compared to children and males, respectively.
Limitations: All studies in meta-analysis were from China limited the generalizability of our findings.
Conclusions: Early evidence highlights the high prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among female and adolescents. Studies investigating the mental health of children and adolescents from countries other than China are urgently needed.
Keywords: Adolescents; COVID-19 pandemic; Children; Mental health problems; Review.
Comentarios
- Depresión: 28.6%
- Ansiedad: 25.5%
- T. Sueño: 44.2%
- TEPT.: 48%
- +++ Adolesc. +++ Fem.
- 19.9% for depression (Rao et al., 2019) and 21.6% for sleep disorders (Xiao et al., 2019)
- Este estudio también reveló que la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión clínica en niños y adolescentes fue del 22.28% durante el brote de COVID-19, que fue mucho más alta que el 13.2% generalmente estimado (Stewart y Sun, 2007) en China y del 2% al 6% (Philips et al., 1999) en países occidentales. Los resultados del análisis de regresión (Tabla 6) y el análisis de correlación de Pearson (Tabla 7) mostraron que los niveles de depresión clínica de asociaron significativamente con la ansiedad. La evidencia ha demostrado que los trastornos de ansiedad y la depresión tienen una mayor superposición en sintomatología, inestabilidad clínica y tratamiento (Lonigan et al., 1994). Se ha estimado que aproximadamente entre el 25% y el 50% de los jóvenes deprimidos presentan trastornos de ansiedad comórbidos y entre el 10% y el 15% de los jóvenes ansiosos tienen depresión (Axelson y Birmaher, 2001). Esto sugiere que se debe prestar atención a la medicación adecuada y a las intervenciones psicológicas.
- Las puntuaciones generales de cinco dimensiones (incluida la ansiedad por separación, el miedo a lesiones físicas, la fobia social, el trastorno de pánico y la ansiedad generalizada) fueron más altas que antes del brote, especialmente los temores de lesiones físicas en los niños y la fobia social en los niños y adolescentes.
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